Subversion and Music Part 2

Rammstein

It’s almost helpful to approach Rammstein from the perspective of performance art. Certainly, their music is powerful in the tradition of the best industrial and metal music throughout history, but they’re punks at heart. They became a metal band because they thought it would be a fun idiom to exploit and subvert.

They couldn’t have less in common with the juvenile self-aggrandising misanthropy of groups such as Slipknot and Limp Bizkit. (I didn’t pick these names out of a hat, either — Rammstein has toured with both groups, and neither tour ended well.) Their closest peers in America would probably be System Of A Down — both groups lean to the far left on the political spectrum and share similarly humanistic philosophies. But Rammstein have only recorded a handful of songs with an indirect political bent, preferring instead to wreath their philosophy in the guise of a detached third-person, whereas SoaD always broadcasts their sentiment from the first-person imperative. Reise Reise sees the group begin to move away from this detachment, if only incrementally.

The six members of Rammstein did not simply grow up in Germany, they grew up in East Germany, and to this day they remain stalwart socialists (despite the fact that this egalitarianism hopelessly clogs the group’s decision-making process). They are also the products of a unique and painful historical perspective that grants their music a powerful authority. Whereas tyros such as Marilyn Manson toy with the trappings of fascism in order to make satirical feints at obvious American hypocrisies, Rammstein have lived through literal fascism, have suffered under the kind of economic and political repression that most Americans can only vaguely imagine. When they summons the lockstep wraiths of totalitarianism, it is a vivid and deadly presence, standing over their shoulders and peering down from recent history. If they occasionally overreach in their disgust of America’s reactionary politics, it can be forgiven: they have earned their skepticism towards dangerous political ideas the hard way. Of course, if they never tour America again that will just give hoards of American metalheads another reason to love our current administration.

Rammstein have always cultivated a fascination with aberrant behaviour, and have used their music to explore facets of popular culture that would otherwise go unheralded. With “Mein Teil” they dissect what would appear to be a cut-and-dried example of pathology, examining the problem from the perspective of the victim who chose to give his life to achieve some sort of inexplicable immortality though self-immolation. Thematically, it may seem reminiscent of similarly grim passages of the Manic Street Preachers’ Holy Bible, but whereas the tone of that album was unsurpassed disdain, Rammstein are always trying to reach a more sophisticated rapprochement with the darker edges of existence: they wish to understand why a person would want to eat and be eaten, and how such a depraved act could possibly lead to the kind of sublime spiritual communion implied by Miewes and Juergen.

Sonne

Sonne (German for Sun) is a Rammstein song released in 2001. The video is an interesting example of subversion as it is based around the fairytale “Snow White”. The idea for the video came about when one member was mixing the song and parts of the “Snow White” movie, they liked the juxtaposition between the heavy music and the sweet fairytale but also found it strangely fitting, stating: “It fits beautifully, that Snow White is somehow the Sun for these dwarves”. The video twists the image of “Snow White” and changes her from a perfect Disney princess to a mean, drug addicted person.

You can view the English lyrics for Sonne here: http://affenknecht.com/lyrics/rammstein-sonne-lyric-with-english-translation/ and the lyrics for Mein Teil here: http://affenknecht.com/lyrics/rammstein-mein-teil-lyric-with-english-translation/

https://youtu.be/StZcUAPRRac

https://www.popmatters.com/rammstein-reise-2496055979.html

Subversion and Music Part 1

When looking into subversion I had realised I was overthinking the topic and looking too much into the political side of subversion which was something I did want to try and stay away from. I went back to the drawing board and thought about what is a great example of subversion that we come across almost everyday of our lives, and so I thought of music, popular examples of such are The Sex Pistols, Pink Floyd and Bowie. This was something I was very intrigued to look further into as I am passionate about music and this is a topic I can relate to.

The Sex Pistols

When thinking about subversion and music you are likely to think of the punk rock era and bands such as The Sex Pistols. I thought it is a great idea to look into the history of The Sex Pistols and research into their impact on the world through subversion. I found an interesting article by the BBC called Punk Rock: 30 Years of Subversion which was taking from a three-part series celebrating 30 years of punk rock.

In the early 70s, the punk movement was brewing on both sides of the Atlantic, fuelled by a generation of disaffected young people who wanted the world to wake up. They were sick of being ignored and fed up with the post war complacency. They were weary of doing what their parents wanted, tired of feeling isolated, bored and disenfranchised.

“There was a common point in both American and British punk in that the inner cities had been left to rot,” said British punk historian John Savage.

“This enabled young people to live cheaply near the centre of the city.”

He said the intermingling of youth, artists, squatters and homeless people was fertile ground for the birth of the punk movement.

I couldn’t find the full series however this little snippet was interesting and has helped me to begin to understand the purpose of subversion within the punk rock culture. From here I have found an article on The Telegraph called God Save the Queen at 40: how the Sex Pistols made the most controversial song in history. This looks to be an interesting article as it looks back at how the song was “a blast of disillusionment”.

“These are fun songs. Done for a laugh. God Save The Queen? It’s kind of high camp, in a way,” said Sex Pistols singer John Lydon in 2002. “You certainly don’t think it’s going to be taken as a declaration of civil war.”

But exactly 40 years ago, that was precisely how the Sex Pistols’ second single was taken. God Save The Queen, a thrilling three-minute-nineteen-second blast of disillusionment, was released to coincide with the Queen’s silver jubilee in the summer of 1977. The band’s alternative national anthem rocked the establishment, was banned by the BBC and led to Lydon becoming the poster boy for the nation’s moral outrage. Routinely attacked in the street by disgusted members of the public, he endured machetes in the kneecaps and bottles in the face.

But the song also sold by the shedload, carried one of the most iconic record sleeves of all time and announced the mainstream arrival of punk, arguably this country’s most famous and recognisable youth movement. Furthermore, a Thames boat trip by the band past the Houses of Parliament to promote the single has become one of music’s most infamous publicity stunts. If the Pistols and punk in its purest form didn’t last very much beyond that heady summer, then God Save The Queen has certainly endured.

The song has been ranked one of the greatest of all time by Rolling Stone, and it’s included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame’s 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll list. Its Jamie Reid-designed cover, featuring the Queen with newspaper print gagging and blinding her, was voted the best record sleeve ever by Q magazine.

Broadly-speaking, the punk movement happened due to the successive governments’ failings of the young working class in the decades after the war. Bored of strikes and limited job prospects, and disenchanted with the stiff and accepted ways of doing things, young people found their voice by adopting a DIY ethic in what they wore and the music they played. Loud, anti-establishment, iconoclastic and angry, the punks wanted to shake society from the ground up. It was against this backdrop that four young, boisterous, snotty Londoners — Steve Jones, Paul Cook, Glen Matlock and Lydon, who went by the stage name Johnny Rotten — formed the Sex Pistols in 1975.

Live on air and goaded by Grundy himself, guitarist Jones — drunk on green room wine — called the presenter a “dirty f—–” and a “f—— rotter”. There was a national outcry. “TV fury at rock cult filth”, raged the splash of the Daily Mirror the next day, as viewers jammed phones. “The filth and the fury!” screamed other editions. Punk had screamed its arrival, live on national television.

One of the songs was God Save The Queen, a rant about the monarchy. “God Save The Queen, she’s not a human being, and there’s no future, and England’s dreaming”, Rotten sang. The song was set to a propulsive beat and a monster three-chord guitar riff written by Glen Matlock, who was soon to be replaced on bass by the doomed Sid Vicious. Matlock has said the riff was influenced by the 1950s rockabilly of Eddie Cochran, and you can hear C’mon Everybody’s rhythm in the opening chords. Lead guitar player Jones gave the song almighty welly, its bassline mimicking the main riff.

Lydon has said that the public outrage was palpable: “If they’d have hung us at Traitors’ Gate, it would have been applauded by 56 million people… We declared war on England without meaning to.”

Britain was a very different place then. Society was unpermissive and subversion still wasn’t broadly tolerated. With God Save The Queen, the Sex Pistols turned a national celebration on its head. With one brutal jab of their safety pin, they burst the establishment’s lofty balloon and changed pop culture forever.

I found this article very interesting as it mapped out the history of The Sex Pistols and tells how they jumped from label to label due to their ability to get into fights and their infamous parties. It was interesting to look into The Sex Pistols as they were the start of the subversive generation of music and culture.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5263364.stm

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/artists/god-save-queen-40-sex-pistols-made-controversial-song-history/

Subversive Meanings in Graffiti Part 4

The Politics of Design

While looking into the subversive meanings behind graffiti and street art I found an article on the TV show Homeland which is about a bipolar CIA operative who becomes convinced a prisoner of war has been turned by al-Qaeda and is planning to carry out a terrorist attack on American soil. The article was about graffiti that was found on the set which turned out to be very subversive. The full article can be seen here: http://thepoliticsofdesign.com/blog/subversive-graffiti-on-the-set-of-homeland.

The article explains how artists from the Middle East were hired to ‘decorate’ the set with Arabic graffiti. The artists soon realised that no one was interested in what the graffiti said. Artist Heba Amin noted, “Arabic script is merely a supplementary visual that completes the horror-fantasy of the Middle East”. They then decided to use this opportunity to criticise the television series by writing slogans such as “Homeland is Racist” and #blacklivesmatter. The artists said, ‘It’s very important for us to address the idea that this kind of stereotyping is very dangerous because it helps form people’s perceptions of an entire region, a huge region, which in turn affects foreign policy’.

Graffiti on the Berlin Wall

When thinking about Graffiti I think about the images of the Berlin Wall and the meanings behind the artwork and what the mean to different people. I thought it was a good idea to look further into these meanings behind the artwork. First I decided to look into the history of the Berlin Wall, I found a website on the history on the Berlin Wall and also the History of the graffiti on the Wall. The Berlin Wall was constructed between East and West Berlin, the purpose of the Wall was to keep Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state, however it primarily served the objective of stemming mass defections from East to West. The Wall stood until the 9th of November, 1989, when the head of the East German Communist Party announced that citizens of the GDR could cross the border whenever the pleased. The night crowds swarmed the wall. Some crossed feeling into West Berlin, while others brought hammers and picks and began to chip away at the wall itself. To this day, the Berlin Wall remains one of the most powerful and enduring symbols of the Cold War.

Most notable about the Berlin Wall was the Graffiti, which has become one of the largest ongoing pieces of art in recent history. The Wall carries messages of hope and symbols of freedom. It has come to represent freedom of censorship and the fall of the Iron Curtain that divided Western Europe and the Soviet Eastern Europe. “Through this medium artists have impacted world politics and helped to rebuild a nation into the united, developed state that has an influential role in the international community today.” (2017. Graffiti on the Berlin Wall.)

The divide between East and West Germany was made apparent by the graffiti upon it, the West side of the wall was readily accessible to the people and quickly became covered in graffiti, whereas the East side remained blank, because of the “Death Strip” and vigilant surveillance, remaining a stark contrast to the bright and colourful display of public opinion on the other side.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, artists from all over the world gathered to make their marks on the monstrously white Eastern side. The Gallery began in December 1989 with Christine Maclean and has grown to boast over 100 images, in addition to the messages of visitors from around the world. A section of forty metres running alongside the River Spree boasts work from world-renown graffiti artists such as Jim Avignon. The Wallartists Künstlerinitive East Side Gallerywas created when the German government considered removing that wall after extensive damage.

Doing a four part blog on graffiti has really opened my eyes to the world of subversive art, especially street art/ graffiti. Before these blog posts on graffiti I thought that it was annoying and didn’t really serve a purpose, however now I see it as a medium to express oneself in a way that is open to more people, allowing them to engage and interact with these pieces, opening their minds to new ideas and new possibilities. I feel rather enlightened by this series of research and may look to make it the may feature of my presentation as it is a very interesting and powerful way of creating subversive artwork. I may even try my hand at attempting this myself however in a much more legal and controlled environment, I’d rather not get arrested because of this unit.

This slideshow requires JavaScript.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1796960/?ref_=nv_sr_1

http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~skark20a/classweb/Templates/World%20Politics.dwt

http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall

Berlin Wall Pictures courtesy of Andrew Young

Subversive Meanings in Graffiti Part 3

Shepard Fairey

“Propaganda has a negative connotation, which it partially deserves, but I think there is some propaganda that is very positive. I feel that if you can do something that gets people’s attention, then maybe they’ll go and find out more about the person.”

Shepard Fairey is another very influential street artist who’s work includes the use of screen printing, stencils, stickers. collages, posters and murals. He enjoys working with the colours black, white and red and constantly shifts between street art, fine art and political art. His most famous pieces of work include images of Andre the Giant, the Obey trademark and the Obama “Hope” Poster. Art is not always meant to be decorative or soothing, in fact, it can create uncomfortable conversations and stimulate uncomfortable emotions,” he stated

I have found an interview with Shepard Fairey on his political artwork:

Interviewer: Recently, you’ve been making artwork based on issues, and less on specific personalities. I’m curious about the shift away from individuals to battling the NRA or focusing on campaign finance reform.

Fairey: There are a couple of reasons why I’ve shifted away from focusing as much on personalities. Not that I don’t occasionally indulge in a portrait celebrating or condemning someone, but generally speaking I feel our culture is too focused on celebrity and the superficial. A large number of my portraits have been celebrations of figures who inspire me through their creations, actions, and philosophies. I’ve made images of most of my heroes so I’d rather focus on issues than move into portraits of B-tier players.

In terms of achieving what I’d like to achieve with my art—which is to encourage someone to think about an issue in a way they may not have—finding evocative imagery and symbols that can translate complex ideas in relatable ways is far more challenging than making portraits. At the same time, there may be no more effective means of impacting things—socially, politically, and conceptually—than portraits that potentially appeal in a more shallow way. Don’t get me wrong; I love the superficial as much as the next person, but I also like to weave in substance.

The full interview can be seen here at: https://thecreativeindependent.com/people/shepard-fairey-on-political-art/

I found this interview interesting as it allowed insight into Shepard Fairey’s work and thinking behind creating artwork with a political undertone. He states that he would like to encourage people to think about an issue in a way they may not have.

Shepard-Fairey-Vicious-Subversion-2001.jpg

https://www.widewalls.ch/editions/shepard-fairey-vicious-subversion/

http://www.artnet.com/artists/shepard-fairey/

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2012/oct/17/obamas-hope-the-work-of-shepard-fairey

https://thecreativeindependent.com/people/shepard-fairey-on-political-art/

https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/shepard_fairey_624144

 

 

Subversive Meanings in Graffiti Part 2

Banksy

Banksy is one of the most famous and controversial street artists who creates impactful street art to subvert, inspire and be engaging. His artwork is usually found throughout the internet as viral images and are often powerful and controversial. He has been involved with street art for over 20 years however his identity still remains a mystery. He admired the work of Street Artist Blek Le Rat and often recycled his ideas.

Banksy’s most common form of street art is stencils, which he began developing at an early age after a close run in with the police, these are often in the form of multi-layered stencils and/ or combined with other media sources, such as spray-paint. He often include things that are found around the street such as street signs and different objects to convey his message and crafts his messages around the street. His work often combines dark humour and is based on the subjects of politics, war and surveillance.

Banksy’s work has been labelled a “Deadly Political Weapon”, in an interview with The New Yorker  he was asked what drew him to his work, he responded with “I used to want to save the world, but now I’m not sure I like it enough”. (2017. Why Banksy’s Art Is Such a Deadly Political Weapon.)

His work has recently become interactive, with the use of QR codes, as seen on the mural re-imagining an iconic image of Cosette, crying as tear gas envelopes her. The QR code stencilled at the bottom of the mural take the scanner to links of footage of French police using tear gas on refugees at camp raids, although the deny doing so.

Banksy’s artwork puts a poignant message across to the viewers, making them think about the world around them and even question their opinions on what they think is right or what they believe is happening around the world. Images such as Banksy’s “Flower Thrower” is perhaps on of his most well-known pieces. Instead of the rioter throwing a “Molotov Cocktail”, he is throwing a bunch of flowers. This piece, to many people, is a symbol of “peace and hope in the face of adversity and destruction.” (2017. Amazing Banksy Graffiti Artworks With Locations). Another of Banksy’s artwork is “One Nation Under CCTV” and is one of Banksy’s largest pieces of work. The method of which he used to pull this of still remains a mystery as it was seemingly made under the watchful eye of a CCTV camera positioned just to the right of the pictures taken. This artwork allows people to recognise just how much CCTV is around and how we are all under the ever watchful eye of “Big Brother”.

http://www.streetartbio.com/banksy

https://www.thedailybeast.com/why-banksys-art-is-such-a-deadly-political-weapon

https://www.canvasartrocks.com/blogs/posts/70529347-121-amazing-banksy-graffiti-artworks-with-locations

Subversive Meanings in Graffiti Part 1

What is Graffiti?

Graffiti has been the centre of much controversy for many years, is it an expressive visual experience seen almost everyday? Or is it the nonsense of uninspired teens looking to make their mark on the city? Vandalism perhaps? Graffiti is often confused with Street Art, where as Street Art is more intended to be viewed by the public, to get them to think and engage with the piece, Graffiti is more targeted to other Graffiti Artists. There are sub cultures of Graffiti, such as Graffiti writing, which is closely related to the culture of Hip Hop.

What is Street Art?

“Street art is related to graffiti art in that it is created in public locations and is usually unsanctioned, but it covers a wider range of media and is more connected with graphic design.” (2017. Street art – Art Term.)

As stated above, Street Art is more intended to be viewed by the public, to get them to think and engage with the piece. They are usually pieces that are related to current issues, such as the current political climate, global warming and more recently, Brexit.

The are different types of street art such as:

Stencil – this type of street art includes a homemade stencil, usually a paper or cardboard cutout, in order to create an image that can be reproduced in an easy way. A form, desired design, is cut out of a selected medium and the image is transferred to a surface through the use of spray paint, roll on paint and so on.

Mosaic – is art of creating an image with an assemblage of smaller parts or pieces to resemble an integral piece of art work.

Traditional Graffiti  painting on the surface of private or public property, visible to the public, commonly with a roll-on paint or with a can of spray. It may be comprised of a simple words, such as artist’s name, or be more complex and elaborate, covering a surface with a mural painting.

Video projection – digitally projecting a computer-manipulated image onto surface  via light and projection system.

Sticker, sticker tagging, slap tagging, sticker bombing – usually means a propaganda message or image in public settings using homemade stickers. These kinds of stickers usually promote a political agenda, comment on some issue or policy or comprise an avant garde art campaign. It has been considered a subcategory of postmodern art.

Wood blocking – include artwork painted a small portion of plywood or similar inexpensive material and attached to street signs with bolts. Very often, the bolts are bent at the back to prevent removal.

Yarn bombing – while other forms of graffiti may be expressive, decorative, territorial, socio-political commentary, advertising or vandalism, yarn bombing is almost exclusively about beautification and creativity. It employs colorful displays of knitted or crocheted cloth rather than paint or chalk. The practice is believed to have originated in the U.S. with Texas knitters trying to find a creative way to use their unfinished and leftover projects. Nowadays, it has spread worldwide.

Famous Street Artists include Banksy and Shepard Fairey who’s work have very subversive meanings. I plan to do another blog post that looks more into these artists and how their work has influenced popular culture and has changed or inspired peoples views of today.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-graffiti-definition-history-types.html

http://schriftfarbe.com/the-difference-between-street-art-and-graffiti

http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/s/street-art

http://davidcharlesfox.com/what-is-street-art-history-definition-purpose-importance/

How to Create Subversive Artwork

I decided to look into how to create subversive artwork, in an effort to gain an understanding about what defines subversive art. When looking I found an article that helps me comprehend what is subversive artwork and how it differs from normal artwork.

So you want to make a work of art. And not just any work of art, but a work that truly pops, shocks, offends, and mortifies. You want gasps and expletives and perhaps an outcry about the end of Western civilisation.

1. Has it been done before?

In the words of subversive spirit guide Marcel Duchamp: “Art is either plagiarism or revolution.” Back in 1917, the artist aligned his work with the latter, by submitting the now illustrious “Fountain” to the Society of Independent Artists. The work, of course, is a porcelain urinal signed “R.Mutt” – thought to be either the pseudonym of Duchamp himself or his Dada contemporary Baroness Elsa – that has been flipped upside down and displayed proudly as a Work of Art. 

Many very serious art lovers of the time were very seriously pissed off by the assertion that a basically unmodified toilet, not all that different than those in the bathroom down the hall, could be hung alongside traditional portraits and landscapes. The surrealist journal The Blind Man came to the defence of the work:

“Whether Mr Mutt made the fountain with his own hands or not has no importance. He CHOSE it. He took an article of life, placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under the new title and point of view – created a new thought for that object.”

Duchamp’s subversive move doesn’t have much to do with the potty humor of the toilet itself, but rather his influence in shifting the artist’s role from creator to curator. This distinction contributed to the rise of readymade art, found art, conceptual art and assemblage art, inspiring future artists to attempt similarly rupturing moves of their own.

2. What exactly are you subverting?

Subversive is defined as “tending or intending to subvert or overthrow, destroy, or undermine an established or existing system.” So before you embark on this game changing artwork of yours, make sure you know exactly what it is you’re fighting against. Or, exactly what kind of system – be it political or social or cultural or economic – you’re attempting to subvert. Too many artists don bad boy personas and rebellious dispositions without actually challenging anything at all.

3. Does the work relate to your own experience?

There are, in 2015, many widespread systems of oppression and discrimination that should be examined through the lens of art. Make sure, however, that the experiences and realities you’re illuminating through your work are yours to showcase. If not, the resulting artwork, even unwittingly, can veer into the realm of blind privilege and exploitation.

4. What’s at stake?

If the masterpiece you’re cooking up is so damn disruptive, what are its repercussions? Many of art history’s greatest disruptors have made enormous sacrifices for their work. We’re not saying you should seek jail time or persecution as a means to becoming subversive, but you should be aware of the potential consequences of your work.

Political artists aren’t the only ones who endanger themselves and their reputations for the sake of art. In 1945, Italian artist Carol Rama exhibited a series of erotic watercolours featuring depictions of women with snakes emerging from their naked bodies. Very feminist proto-punk. Well, the show was shut down by authorities and many of the works were destroyed.

I found this article useful as it included some information on how to create subversive artwork in attempt to change or overthrow something that you believe in. It explains that you should exercise caution when creating/ exhibiting your subversive artwork as you need to be aware of the consequences of your work. 

55fb1f3e1c00002d007574da.jpeg

http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/how-to-make-subversive-art_us_55f846f7e4b0c2077efc266c

 

Subversion and Propaganda

Propaganda

  • Information, ideas or rumours deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
  • The deliberate spreading of such information, rumours, etc.
  • The particular doctrines or principles propagated by an organisation or movement
  • Archaic. an organisation or movement for the spreading of propaganda

Contemporary Propaganda

Mind Over Media: Analysing Contemporary Propaganda

Mind Over Media is a crowdsourced educational website that contains diverse examples of contemporary propaganda on a wide range of social, political, economic and environmental topics. Users can upload examples of propaganda they find in everyday life and rate them on a scale from “harmful” to “beneficial,” offering comments about the examples to discuss their interpretations and reflect on their meanings and implications.

The website Mind Over Media is a very interesting tool I found that helps identify and analyse contemporary propaganda. I wanted to look more into contemporary propaganda as there are many examples of it from Wars as it an important tool and had a variety of uses including, influencing the news, recruiting and exploiting mistakes made by the enemy. It is easy to see how important propaganda was and how influencing it could be, but I was interested to see how much contemporary propaganda has been recognised now a days and how it is being used both in good and bad ways. The website I found has helped me with this as it is a collection of contemporary propaganda, the website also includes examples of new forms of propaganda including viral marketing and sponsored content/ native advertising.

The website also includes a section on recognising propaganda, especially contemporary propaganda. For example: activating strong emotions, responding to audience needs and values, simplifying information and ideas and attacking opponents. It goes on to explain the differences between propaganda and brainwashing, “Propaganda is not the same as brainwashing or mind control. These terms refer to psychological tactics, sometimes used in warfare, that are designed to subvert an individual’s sense of control over their own thinking.” (2017. Mind Over Media: Analysing Contemporary Propaganda.)

The image included was found on the website and takes influence from an internet craze that took the internet by storm. Viewers of the dress would either see a black and blue dress or a gold and white, this is because of the way our eyes have evolved to view colours in a world where the main source of light is sunlight. Taking such a popular image it is then easy to create a piece of design that can be both impacting and relate to popular culture, making it more relatable to a wider variety of audience, especially the younger generation whom it is more than likely targeted to.

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/propaganda

http://propaganda.mediaeducationlab.com/rate/1671

https://www.bl.uk/world-war-one/articles/propaganda-as-a-weapon

http://mediaeducationlab.com/mind-over-media-analyzing-contemporary-propaganda-0

black and blue